Digitaler Hürdenlauf
Veröffentlicht am von Vivien Pietruck

Accessible net

Digital hurdles for colorblind people

Ein nicht geringer Anteil unserer Mitmenschen, ist mit einem Defekt des Sehorgans ausgestattet. Angeboren oder erworben. 8% aller Männer und 0,4% aller Frauen sind farbfehlsichtig und es ist unfassbar, wie schwer es ihnen im Alltag gemacht wird. Es ist ein leichtes, Design an die Bedürfnisse dieser Menschen anzupassen und es ist unsere Aufgabe als Designer, genau darauf ein Auge zu haben und es ihnen nicht unnötig noch schwerer zu machen.

Die Häufung bei Männern liegt daran, dass die Erbanlage rezessiv auf dem X-Chromosom vererbt wird weil da die Sehanlage drauf ist. Da Männer nur ein X-Chromosom aufweisen, ist das Risiko einer Vererbung durch die Mutter, die es auf ihrem 2. Chromosom tragen kann, auf Ihre Söhne sehr viel höher als auf die Töchter. Durch Farbtafeln und Sehtest, lässt sich relativ früh feststellen, ob bei einem Kind ein Sehfehler vorliegt.

Aus eigener Erfahrung kann ich sagen, dass man diese Art der Einschränkung bei seinen Mitmenschen häufig kaum bemerk. Lediglich an vielen Kleinigkeiten, das Zögern an der Ampel, die einfarbigen Bilder, Unsicherheiten in Spielen die mit Farben sind. Farbfehlsichtige weisen meist eine bemerkenswerte Merkfähigkeit was ihre Alltagssituationen betreffen, auf. Sie haben Strategien und Tricks zur Alltagsbewältigung.

Zur Definition; es gibt Menschen die nur in der Lage sind Helligkeiten wahrzunehmen, das sind die „Unbunt-Seher“, das Krankheitsbild heißt Monochromasie. Andere können neben Helligkeiten bestimmte braungelbe Farbnuancen von bestimmten blauen unterscheiden, oder bestimmte rote, von bestimmten grünen. Das ist die Dichromasie. Farbenblind heißt, dass bestimmte Zapfentypen überhaupt nicht funktionieren, alles andere ist eine Farbfehlsichtigkeit. Dann gibt es noch die Nachtblinden, da arbeiten die Stäbchen nicht vernünftig.

Ich möchte einmal die Begrifflichkeit „Barrierefreiheit“ deutlicher erklären. Bezogen auf das Internet betrifft es alle Menschen, die in irgendeiner Form eingeschränkt sind, also auch komplett Blinde, motorisch eingeschränkte Menschen, ältere Menschen…Die Liste ist lang. Damit diese Menschen die Möglichkeit haben am Leben teilzunehmen, gibt es Gesetze und Richtlinien, die eingehalten werden müssen wenn wir Dinge im öffentlichen Raum anbieten. Das RKW (Rationalisierungs- und Innovationszentrum der Deutschen Wirtschaft) hat hierzu ein paar Richtlinien zusammengestellt, um kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen auf dem Weg in die Barrierefreiheit zu unterstützen. Hier kannst du dir den Richtlinienkatalog herunterladen und einmal genau nachlesen, was für dich relevant ist und was nicht.

Was bedeutet das für mich als Designer und für euch als Kunden? Bei allen Projekten werden wir während des Gestaltungsprozesses im Blick behalten, dass farbenblinde User/Nutzer nicht durch die Farbwahl behindert werden. Das bezieht sich auf Call-to-act experience genau so wie auf das colourmood, es dürfen keine Missverständnisse hervorgerufen werden. Im Idealfall funktioniert ein Branding oder eine Webseite auch in 1c hervorragend, colour ist das nice-to-have. Wichtige Links müssen in einer Farbe sein, die in jedem Fall erkennbar ist. Es gibt unterschiedliche Tools, mit denen ein Design auf mögliche Schwierigkeiten überprüft werden kann, z.B. das Colour Wheel hier. Landkarten sind oft überhaupt nicht zu erkennen. Hier ist es sinnvoll, mit einem ergänzenden Codierschema und erklärenden Texten zu arbeiten. Farben können im Backend nummeriert werden, häufig orientieren sich Farbfehlsichtige am RGB/HEX-Code. Beim erstellen von Farbpaletten ist darauf zu achten, dass helle Mischfarben generell ein Problem darstellen können, grau, rosa, und hellblau sind kaum auseinander zu halten. Das ist alles kein Problem, man muss es nur wissen.

Also, haltet die Augen auf, seid nett zu euren Mitmenschen und denkt für andere Leute mit, dann kann nichts passieren 🙂

Kontaktiere mich für eine Zusammenarbeit, dann lösen wir dein Problem!

100 Antworten auf „Accessible net“

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